Photo by shioshvili via Flickr

We recently posted the top 10 eco innovations of the 20th century; now, as we get another year closer to the end of the first decade of a new millennium, we’ll take a look at the most innovative green advancements made so far in the 21st century…

Solar Aviation

Piccard Solar Impulse model at convention in Geneva. Photo by Flyout

The solar powered Zephr set records for unmanned non-fueled flight in August of 2008, flying for more than 83 and a half hours straight, while plans for manned solar airplanes are getting closer and closer to becoming reality. The Solar Impulse, featuring an 80 meter wing span and lithium ion batteries, is proposed for test flights in 2009. By 2011, the Impulse plans to be the first manned solar plane to circle the world. The trip will be broken into a series of legs with 4 to 5 stopovers. Advancements in battery technology could make a 2 passenger solar plane possible in the near future – possibly multi-passenger or cargo planes in the years to come?!

Poop Power

Photo by Lucid Nightmare

The technology to reuse animal waste to generate energy is one of the greatest eco innovations of the 21st century. Dairyland Power operates 3 animal waste to energy plants in Wisconsin; Pacific Gas and Electric has made an agreement with Bioenergy Solutions to use their “pipeline quality natural gas derived from cow manure” to supply Fresno County residents with gas; there’s also a plant in Northwest Washington that supplies electricity generated from animal waste. These are just a handful of similar plants already in operation or in the planning stages.

Solar Powered LEDs

Solar powered LED ferris wheel in Santa Monica

Solar powered LEDs are commonly used for garden and landscape lighting. New uses for these clean and bright sources of light include solar powered street lights, energy-free reading lights, and low cost solar powered lanterns to replace the use of kerosene lamps in many developing countries.

Bamboo

Bamboo skateboard by SuperGreen Boards

Bamboo has been around (and in use) for centuries – it was used to make paper, bowls and cups, and even weapons in early China and the first bamboo floors were produced in 1993. 21st century eco innovations have taken bamboo to all new levels. Bamboo skateboards, unique furniture, disposable biodegradable plates and utensils, bamboo textiles for 100% bamboo clothing, and even bamboo golf tees that easily shred to nourish rather than litter the greens are all now available as green alternatives.

100 percent bamboo jersey by Bamboosa.

Powerisers

While the concept of jumping stilts came about just before the turn of the century in 1999, these innovative products have gained their fame in the past few years. Powerisers, Power Skips, and a number of similar brands are now available around the world. While their manufacturing isn’t especially eco-friendly, Powerisers rival the quickness of a bike commute but with much more excitement. Treehugger first featured Powerisers in 2006, recently updated to include the extreme sports side of Powerisers last March.

SIP Prefab and Modular Building

Modern Prefab by jonrawlinson via Flickr

Structural insulated panels (SIPs) have been around for decades – Frank Lloyd Wright actually used SIPs in his homes in the 30’s and 40’s. The first foam core panels were made in 1952 by Alden B. Dow, one of Wright’s students and son of Dow Chemical Company’s founder. Technology in the 90’s took SIPs to an all new level and are now the most cost effective and energy efficient way to build, especially prefab and modular homes.

The first manufactured home built with foam core panels was Concept 2000, a project by Champion Homes and Pacific Northwest Laboratories completed in 2001. The double-wide manufactured home traveled 300 miles before setup, arriving at the destination with little to no structural damage – even suffering fewer drywall cracks than typical transported homes. The Washington home was proposed to use nearly half of the electricity consumed by traditional manufactured homes, but I’ve found no evidence to support their continued use in mobile home construction.

Other applications of SIPs in green building are growing in leaps and bounds, promising to be the building material of the 21st century. Modular, timber framed, and extraordinary, off-grid hybrid houses all make use of foam core panels to increase efficiency and decrease environmental impact.

Whitney Lakes pyramid house in Montana. Built by Wickiup Builders with panels by Big Sky Insulation

Panel home built with soy based eSIPs.

Dissolving Clothing

Dissolving fashion designed by Helen Storey and scientist Tony Ryan. Photo by Nick Knight.

Clothing and fashion have long been a popular and necessary part of society, but increased spending and limited technology for recyclable materials has resulted in heaps of fashionable threads taking up space in landfills. Designer Helen Storey, along with professor Tony Ryan and fabric designer Trish Belford, created polymer-plastic clothing that slowly dissolves away in the wash. The fashions, displayed and dissolved at the Wonderland exhibitions in Sheffield and Belfast, are more of a statement than a new fad – but an intriguing eco innovation, nonetheless. The 26 day exhibit at Sheffield also showcased dissolving plastic bottles that miraculously grow colorful flowers after the plastic disappears under the tap.

Green Gadget Power

We’re a gadget-dependent society. The 21st century has seen the birth of an array of green inventions to keep our electronics charged up whether we’re at home or on the go. The ChargePod 6-way charger can charge phones, iPods, Bluetooth headsets, and other mobile electronics excluding laptops. On-the-go charging comes from the wind with the hymini or from the sun with the solar light charger or the portable Solio. The solar panel sunglasses above are stylish, block the sun, and charge your iPod wherever you go.

Cleaning Robots

The iRobot family of cleaning robots have made 21st century cleaning much easier – indoor and out. A few companies are starting to take the concept to a greener level, eliminating the need for electrical charging. The Solar Breeze above is a robotic pool skimmer that continuously cleans the pool by the power of the sun. The solar powered Automower below is made by Husquevarna and features zero emissions with lower noise output.

Electronics Recycling…

Photo by CP via Flickr

Electronics waste has become a tremendous concern in the age of technology. Mercury, lead, cadmium, and other chemicals found within typical electronics seep into the soil and the water supply as our discarded televisions and computers take up space in landfills. Regulations regarding the export of electronics waste, as well as incentives for recycling or reusing, have made a significant impact on the growing e-waste problem. Many electronics manufacturers provide e-cycling programs along with Best Buy, the US Postal Service, and several other retailers and private organizations. Visit My Green Electronics to find a place that can reuse or recycle your old electronics.

And Recycled Electronics

Besides the super cool and extremely unique recycled computer watch above, the 21st century is seeing a great collection of new electronics made from post-consumer recyclables or renewable resources. The Dell Studio Hybrid is made of recycled materials, packed with recycled materials, and uses 70% less power than traditional models while the Macbook Air boasts an aluminum casing and freedom from the lead, mercury, and other toxins commonly found in a laptop. The Nokia Evolve is a greener mobile phone made with mostly renewable materials and 60% recycled packaging; Samsung’s Eco-Phone lineup are made of bioplastics derived from corn.

The Reusable Shopping Bag

Canvas tote from Northern Sun

In the past, Americans have thrown away about 38 billion plastic bags each year. Reusable shopping bags have been around for centuries, but it wasn’t until the 21st century that their importance to modern society was globally recognized. The first plastic bag surcharge was an initiative in Ireland, began in 2003. Single use plastic bags have been banned in South Africa, China, and a number of European countries. Taxes on thicker shopping bags are common and some areas require shoppers to pay for plastic bags. In the US, a number of stores and local governments are taking similar actions – increasing the appeal of reusable shopping totes

Offshore Wind Farms

Photo by wingingit via Flickr

Offshore wind farms have supplied power in Denmark since 1991; the first offshore farm in the UK was constructed in 2003. While large scale wind farms are becoming common sights on American land, the first offshore facility isn’t too far in the future. Cape Wind, off the coast of Massachusetts in Nantucket Bay, has been approved and permitting is projected to be complete by March.

Magnet Power

Genesis magnet powered hybrid motorbike recently unveiled by Axle Company in Tokyo.

Magnet powered skateboards and Shake Control magnetic powered remotes are just the beginning of the roles magnets and electromagnetic fields will play in the future of sustainable innovation. The magnetic motorbike above features a hybrid cross between an electromagnet and a permanent magnet within the motor and a battery that charges electrically in about 6 hours. With a top speed of about 93 miles an hour and the ability to travel 112 miles on a charge, the concept may be the future of green transport.

Air Cars

A spark of green innovation that faded away quicker than it was kindled, the compressed air car was first invented in 1932 by JM Custer of Arkansas. The concept has regained interest and should soon be the eco-friendly car of the 21st century. Zero-Pollution Motors in New York plans to build America’s first air car, based on technology by MDI, by 2010 with a sticker price of just $18,000. There are a number of other manufacturers working on air car concepts as well.

Top 15 Eco Innovations of the 21st Century is a post from: Ecoble

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This clunker will go further on just a gallon of gas than many cars can travel on an entire tank!

This Shell test car was modified in 1973 to achieve over 376 miles per gallon and still holds the Guinness World Record for gas mileage. The ‘59 Opel has a completely gutted interior – except for one bucket seat for the driver – and the top was chopped to lighten the weight of the car and improve aerodynamics. The axle and tires were both changed but the only modification to the engine was an insulated fuel line to turn the liquid gas into a vapor.

The first eco resort?

It’s not clear if this podular beach side resort was constructed with the environment in mind or simply for tourist appeal, but San Zhi was a project commissioned by the Taiwanese government in the 1970’s. It’s rumored that several died during the construction, causing the prospective vacationers to stay away. Now the seaside pods are abandoned and said to be haunted by the spirits of those who lost their lives in vain.

These tiny little microcars were all over European roads in the 1950’s and early 60’s. Some ran on 3 wheels and some 4, but they were all designed to conserve fuel, energy, and raw materials. Microcars were electric or operated on a small gas engine and could typically only carry 1 or 2 passengers, including the driver. This transport concept has finally been reintroduced, starting with the birth of the Smart car in 1998.

Photo by Bucklava

Just before the turn of the century, in 1897, the Benedetto family traveled through the streets of New York City with a pushcart collecting old rags, newspapers, and other trash in an effort to recycle and reuse rather than dump. Today this first recycling company is still owned and operated by the Benedettos, but it is now known as TFC – a company based in Chesapeake, Virginia.

While William Cobb was credited with the first prototype for a solar powered car in 1955, his 15 inch model wasn’t too realistic for anyone other than Barbie. Englishman Alan Freeman developed the solar powered car above in 1979 and is thought to be the first human-sized solar vehicle.

Photo by University of Massachusetts

Now home to one of New England’s best ski resorts, Crutched Mountain was the location of the first wind farm in the world. 20 turbines scattered the mountain top, installed in 1980 by now bankrupt company US Windpower. Unfortunately, the windmills were consistently in need of repairs and the wind farm was a flop.

550-feet of piping and 2 large tanks meant this hydrogen powered van only had room for 2 passengers, but the 1966 creation by General Motors boasted a top speed of 70 MPH and could travel 120 miles. Exploding hydrogen tanks and an extreme cost were reasons to scrap the concept.

Modern solar water heater. Photo by Abri Beluga

The solar water heater above is currently in use in South Africa, but the first solar water heater was patented in 1891. By 1909, the idea was perfected by William Bailey and sold as the Day and Night heater for about $180. The discovery of natural gas in the 1920’s ended the use of most solar water heaters until their reappearance in recent years.

Photo by Mark Frank and Chloe Carli

Built in 1891, the Schermerhorn Building in New York City went green after renovations in 1992 – 6 years before LEED certified practices were adopted in the US. The building now houses the headquarters of the National Audibon Society and features daylight dimming sensors, automatic light turnoffs, a gas-fired heater-chiller, comprehensive recycling system, and energy efficient heating.

Photo by Sweet Earth Organic Farm

National standards for organic foods weren’t set by the USDA until the 1990’s, but the organic movement found its start among small farmers in 1972. Sweet Earth Organic Farm is one of the few purely organic farms from this era still supplying natural produce today. The 120 acre farm is located in southwest Wisconsin where Farmer Renee specializes in heirloom plants and has tended the earth for more than 30 years.

Top 10 Eco Innovations of the 20th Century is a post from: Ecoble

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Want to green your ride, but can’t afford a Tesla? That’s okay… there are plenty of cool (if not quite so flashy) new transportation options coming down the pike that will cost you less than $100,000. Some of ‘em you can even build yourself.

Seriously Strange Fossil Fuelings:

Who needs hydrogen? Some energy alternatives have been around for years, and are making a comeback.

1. Wood

It’s not talked about as much as the Manhattan Project, but there was a big energy crisis during WWII, when the military sucked up a huge portion of the world’s petroleum output. Individual car-owners across Europe converted their cars and trucks to run on… wood.

Wood?

Wood. Engines don’t run on liquid gasoline – they literally run on fumes. Same goes for the fire in your fireplace – when you see flames rising, that’s the fumes of volatiles coming off the logs and igniting. You can do the same thing in your car.

Some folks are working on making this high-tech, with scrubbers and sealed, carefully controlled burners. Renewable Energy Systems are currently running a demonstration coast-to-coast tour with a couple of modded 1991 Dodge Dakota V8 pickups.

But for now you can go very low-tech – plonk a stove on the back of your pickup and run a vacuum hose to the carburetor; after that your spark plugs ignite the fumes as per usual. You can get information on the web to rig your vehicle with a hundred or so dollars in parts: Jim Mason offers workshops and info, or order a how-to guide from Mother Earth News.

But either way, your fuel can be wood if you want – or any scrap biomass.

2. Steam

The British Steam Car looks like the Batmobile and runs like an iron horse. It is not quite road-ready just yet, though, as it guzzles 1,000 litres (one ton!) of water per 25 minutes of travel time. So for now it is recommended only for shorter commutes (or perhaps not at all).

3. People Power

HumanCar is driven by people – even the steering is human powered, like on a bicycle or motorcycle.

How does it work? They’re being very, very cagey – there’s lot of talk on their website about patents and proprietary trade secrets, not too much on how it will run.

But for sure, this won’t be a Flintstones-style feet-through-the-floor operation.

Already on the Market:

4. ZAP Xebra

Perfect for in-city commuting or shopping, this little car only has a 25-mile range. Still, it brags that even after counting emissions from generating the electricity it uses, it produces 98% less pollution than a gas vehicle. And it’s available now. Next up: A ZAP trucklet with a solar panel to fuel itself.

5. Smart Fortwo

This may look like a toy, but it pumps out 110 horsepower (between a 4-cylinder gas engine and a 50-kilowatt electric motor) And it is kind of cute. This vehicle seats two comfortably (depending on the individual, of course); at a stretch you can cram in thirteen contortionists.

Future Green Transport:

6. Zoop

This little electric flitter can travel at up to 120 mph (although that prospect raises the specter of “Unsafe at Any Speed”). The Zoop is more about being seen – hence the clear canopy and the flashy design by EV-proponents André and Coqueline Courrèges of Paris-based fashion house Maison de Courrèges.

7. Ecooter

It is hard to say whether this Chinese offering is even a car, and even the name implies it is some sort of scooter…

Still, it has four wheels (in a diamond layout, rather than the standard “four corners” formation) and there is a roof over your head to keep out the wind and rain, so perhaps it qualifies.

The way it parks is particularly interesting – thanks to the diamond wheelbase, you can do some remarkably tight turning with this little thing:

7. Loremo

The name stands for “Low Resistance Mobile” This just goes to show that you don’t need to wait for next decade’s technology to accomplish amazing things with milage: The Loremo combines a highly-efficient German-engineered diesel engine with extremely low-drag design to achieve 150 miles per gallon. Coming next year to Europe, with US launch to follow.

8. Helios

Want to really get off the grid? Helios has the answer: a solar-powered buggy with a saurian solar sail that spreads out to soak up the sun and recharge, photovoltaicly. This concept car won the Best Use of Technology at the Interior Motives Design Awards 2008. Note to racers: do NOT attempt to deploy the sail as a drag chute…

9. The Air Car

Coming as early as spring 2009 from MDI and Zero Pollution Motors, it runs on compressed air. Developed by Formula One engineer Guy Nègre, the Air Car is expected to make big inroads in India, where it will be sold as the Tata Nano for $2500.

10. VW 1-Liter

A few of the mainline automakers are trying to break out of the gas-guzzler mode (although not GM, who have announced they won’t be bringing their min-cars to the US market, further demonstrating their brilliant business acumen and why the government should give them a big bailout.) VW wanted a car that would go 100 miles on one liter of gas, but it’s taken them more than six years to perfect the high-tech low-weight materials like carbon fiber and titanium. Along with a super-sleek aerodynamic shell, this diesel-powered commuter car is scheduled to get a spectacular 235 mpg when it hits the roads (in a limited edition test release) in 2010.

Can’t wait – or really want to do something now? Don’t despair – you can upgrade your current rustbucket to at least make it a little more fuel-efficient.

Futuristic Green Transit: 10 Vehicles for 2010 is a post from: Ecoble

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If being an electric car isn’t enough to make you look at this concept vehicle with an appreciative eye, would it help to say that it incorporates personal workout into it’s operation?  That’s right, it is flashy, sporty, and helps keep you healthy.  The car could be charged up using a connection to a conventional electric outlet, but it can also be charged by another, rarely tapped form of power: the human body engaged in physical exercise.  It has a stepping machine, a bench press, a rowing machine, and you can even do some pull-ups, keeping you physically fit at the same time as you put that aerobic energy to a practical use.

Coventry University, located in the UK, has been the origin of a number of gadgets and inventions designed to make our lives better without undo environmental impact.  We highly reccomend checking out some of the articles in Innovate: Applied research at Coventry University.

GYM: Concept Car for Physical Fitness is a post from: Ecoble

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